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1. (C. West Coast) The majority of slaves came from the West Coast of Africa, a 3,000 mile stretch extending from the Senegal River, downward around the coastal bulge, to the southern limit of present day Portuguese Angola.
2. (A. Slave Warehouse) Upon landing in Africa, the slave trading company made arrangements to establish a joint fort and trading station. One of the first buildings to go up would be a "barracoon," a warehouse where slaves could be kept until the voyage across the Atlantic.
3. (B. $60.00) Prices varied greatly, but the average cost of a healthy male was $60.00 in merchandise; a woman could be bought for $15.00 less.
4. (A. It was the second of a three leg voyage) The voyage from Africa to the West Indies was called the "Middle Passage" because it was the second leg in a ship's triangular journey, home base to Africa, then to the West Indies, and finally back to the point of original departure.
5. (B. 30 cents on the dollar) After taking out all expenses, including insurance payments and sales commissions, a slaving voyage was expected to make a profit of thirty cents on the dollar.
6. (C. Sugar) More than all other products combined, it was sugar that created the great demand for slaves in America and it was the sugar industry that determined their geographical distribution within the land.
7. (A. Runaway slaves belonging to colonies) Independent colonies of runaway slaves date back as far as 1542. These "Maroons" as they were called, had established themselves in the mountains and forests of the West Indies.
8. (B. 1662) In 1662 when a Virginia law used the word "slaves" to designate an already existing class, slavery became recognized in law, as for some years it had been in practice.
9. (A. 1781) As stipulated in the Articles of Confederation, ratified in March, 1781, Congress was empowered to fix Negro quotas for the armed land forces from each state in proportion to the state's white inhabitants.
10. (A. Silver Bluff, South Carolina) After receiving his license, Jesse Peter, in 1783, took over the Church of Silver Bluff, South Carolina, and the first Negro Baptist Church in the United States.
11. (C. Booker T. Washington) On October 16, 1901, after an afternoon meeting at the White House, President Theodore Roosevelt informally invited Booker T. Washington to remain and eat dinner with him, making Washington the first black American to dine at the White House with the president.
12. (A. 1638) The first public slave auction of 23 individuals was held in the Jamestown Square in 1638.
13. (A. Red Summer) This was the year of the "Red Summer", with 26 riots between the months of April and October. These included disturbances in the following areas: May 10 - Charleston, South Carolina; July 13 - Gregg and Longview counties, Texas; July 19-23 - Washington, DC.; July 27 - Chicago; October 1-3 - Elaine and Phillips counties, Alabama.
14. (C. The Book of Negroes) In November 1782, Britain and America signed a provisional treaty granting the former colonies their independence. As the British prepared for their final evacuation, the Americans demanded the return of American property, including runaway slaves, under the terms of the peace treaty. With thousands of blacks seeking to document their service to the Crown, Brigadier General Samuel Birch, British commandant of the city of New York, created a list of claimants know as The Book of Negroes.
15. (B. Thomas Rice) Thomas Dartmouth Rice. This white entertainer won fame in the 1830's with a blackface routine and a song called "Jim Crow". Among whites, that name became synonym for the racist image of foolish, ineffectual blacks.
16. (C. The Summer Olympics) Tommie Smith and John Carlos, gold and bronze medal winners in the 200-meter track event in the 1968 Olympics, raised their fist in the "Black Power" salute during the medal ceremony.
17. (B. The Real McCoy) Elijah McCoy, a mechanical engineer born to slave parents, invented a device that enabled machines to be self-lubricating. When cheap imitations showed up that didn't do the job as well as his, buyers insisted on the "Real McCoy".
18. (C. 20 Pounds of Tobacco) The Virginia laws, passed in 1642 penalized anyone sheltering a runaway slave 20 pounds of tobacco for each night of refuge granted.
19. (C. Prince Whipple and Oliver Cromwell) In 1776, two blacks, Prince Whipple and Oliver Cromwell, crossed the Delaware with George Washington en route to an attack on the British in Trenton, New Jersey.
20. (B. 1804) New Jersey, in 1804, become the last state north of the Mason Dixon line to pass a slave emancipation law.
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